Welding Wiki
Welding technology by Fronius
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Welcome to the Welding Wiki!
The "Welding Wiki", a unique online encyclopedia developed by Fronius International, has been in existence since November 2019. The aim of the Wiki is to gather all relevant information on welding in one place and share it with all those interested in welding technology. The encyclopedia contains basic welding terms and definitions. The Welding Wiki has been created and is sustained by its welding community. The more information we can all bring together, the more expertise will be available to others. That's why we're asking you to actively support the project so that the Welding Wiki can keep on growing and developing.
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Deposition rate
The deposition rate indicates how much filler metal melts within a specified period of time (kg/h). A higher deposition rate increases the welding speed and productivity. The increase can be affected by various parameters: parallel use of several welding wires or the use of special shielding gas combinations, flux core wires, and welding parameters. During TIG welding, the deposition rate can be increased by using hot wire. An additional welding system is required for this.
Additive manufacturing
Additive manufacturing processes are all based on the same basic principle: a component is created by joining volume elements on top of one another or together in layers (filler metal). The parent material, which can either be in powder form, a fluid, or also a solid material (wire), is hardened by introducing energy. Complex geometries and components can therefore be manufactured without the need for tools. Conventional production would otherwise not be possible or would be very costly.
Aluminium
This is a light metal that is silvery white in color. Its distinguishing features include corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, and low weight.
Temper colors
Temper colors are superficial, bright colorings on metals, generally caused by thermal heat input and oxidation. These can be avoided by using various forming and shielding gases.
Anode
By definition, an anode is the pole that receives electrons or the pole to which the electrons flow. For welding, this is therefore always the positive pole.
Operating point
The operating point is the intersection between the power source characteristics and the physical arc characteristics.
ArcTig
ArcTig is a TIG keyhole welding process. The tungsten electrode is water-cooled, whereby significantly higher welding speeds can be achieved than in conventional TIG and plasma welding.
Welding of similar materials
When welding similar materials, the parent material and the filler metal have the same composition. Consequently, welding behaves similarly to the process of welding the parent material.
Fusion
Fusion indicates the mixture percentage of the parent material with the weld layer applied (e.g., steel with nickel-based alloy).
Overlay welding, also called cladding, is a type of coating using welding processes. A filler metal in wire or powder form is applied – usually as a covering layer – to build up volume. The processes used here are TIG overlay welding, GMAW overlay welding, and CMT overlay welding.
Outgassing
Outgassing refers to the escape of gases from liquid or solid material during the welding process.
Mechanical welding
Mechanical welding is a mechanized joining process. Among other things, this involves using trolleys or robots.B
Balance
The balance is a parameter in aluminum welding. It influences the required cleaning effect and/or the penetration profile of the welding. During AC welding, the welder has the option to control the ratio between positive and negative polarity.Lack of fusion
Lack of fusion occurs if there is no secure join between the weld metal and the parent material, or in multirun welding.
Welding torch
The welding torch consists of a handle with connections, controls, valves, and replaceable gas nozzles. It is connected to the power source by a hose. The welding torch is used to transfer the welding current, and to transport the gas and the filler metal to the workpiece.
Torch to workpiece distance
The torch to workpiece distance is the distance between the gas nozzle and workpiece. To achieve optimum results, the correct distance must be chosen and remain constant during welding.C
Chrome-nickel (stainless steel, Cr/Ni, Niro, Inox)
Stainless steel, also called NiRo, refers to alloyed steels with a special level of purity. NiRo has a chrome content of more than 10.5%, giving it the necessary corrosion and acid resistance.Overlay welding, also called cladding, is a type of coating using welding processes. A filler metal in wire or powder form is applied – usually as a covering layer – to build up volume. The processes used here are TIG overlay welding, GMAW overlay welding, and CMT overlay welding.
CMT Advanced
CMT Advanced is a variant of the CMT welding process. A cyclical change in polarity of the welding current takes place in the short circuit phase, in conjunction with the reversing wire movement. This additional degree of freedom allows the heat input to be reduced again.
CMT overlay welding (CMT cladding)
Overlay welding with CMT offers advantages due to the reduced heat input and high process stability. CMT allows for low fusion where there is a metallurgically perfect bond between the parent material and filler metal.
CMT Braze+
CMT Braze+ refers to a CMT brazing process that gains its benefits from the special Braze+ gas nozzle. The small outlet diameter and high shielding gas flow rate play a crucial role here.CMT – Cold Metal Transfer
Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) is a dip transfer welding process where the heat input is kept very low. Due to the reversing wire movement, the CMT process has a completely new type of droplet detachment. This leads to significantly improved dip transfer arc characteristics.
CMT Mix
CMT Mix combines the advantages of the CMT dip transfer arc and the pulsed arc. Depending on the operating point and corrections, several pulses are set between the CMT cycles. The heat input can be increased and the process window extended. For the TPS generation of devices, "CMT MIX" is called "CMT PULSE".
CMT Pin
With CMT Pin, small wire pins are welded onto the metal surface. Depending on the level of current and force applied during wire retraction, the different forms "Ball", "Cylindrical", and "Pike" are created.
CMT Mix Advanced
This CMT process variant consists of a negative CMT phase with reversing wire movement (EN) and a positive pulsed arc phase with continuous wirefeed (EP). Process advantages can be achieved with this combination especially on aluminum.
CMT Twin
CMT Twin is a MIG/MAG tandem welding process based on the CMT process where two completely isolated wire electrodes come together in a common weld pool. The combination of a short pulsed arc for the "lead electrode" and a stable CMT dip transfer arc for the "trailing electrode" is advantageous here.D
DeltaCon
DeltaCon is an electrical resistance spot welding system with conventional spot welding technology.
DeltaSpot
DeltaSpot is a globally unique resistance spot welding process, which allows aluminum and various other challenging materials to be welded together. The system is based on a rotating process tape.
Device ID
The device ID can be considered as a safety feature of DeltaSpot and DeltaCon. It is located on the sensor PC board directly on the gun. All gun-related data is stored on it for identification purposes. This is, amongst other things, to prevent damage to the system or component.
Double fillet weld
A double fillet weld is a T-shaped weld seam, welded on both sides.Wire retraction
Wire retraction withdraws the currentless filler metal from the liquid weld pool after the welding process is complete.
Wirefeeder
The wirefeeder is an automatic unreeling device for the welding wire. It feeds the wire through the welding torch into the arc range, where it melts.Dynamic correction
Dynamic correction can be used to control the current increase behavior.E
Penetration
Penetration refers to the depth of the melted zone in the parent material.
Undercuts
Undercuts are depressions at the side of the weld seam, which can cause the welded joint to break. They are caused either by an incorrect welding torch or electrode position, and incorrect welding parameter settings. A reduction in the cross section of the material can cause a notch effect (starting point for cracks).Duty cycle
The duty cycle indicates how long a welding system – within a 10-minute cycle – can at least supply current before the process is stopped due to excessive temperature. (40% means welding for four minutes and six minute break)Electrical voltage
The electrical potential difference is referred to as voltage and is between the positive and negative pole. The formula symbol for electrical voltage is U and the unit is volt (V).Electrical current
Electrical current is the directed movement of negatively charged charge carriers (electrons). The unit of measurement is an ampere (A). The formula symbol I describes the quantity of current that flows through a line within a given time period. In order for current to be able to flow, it requires an electrical voltage.Electrical resistance
The electrical resistance indicates how much the electrons are slowed down while the electrical current is flowing. Its formula symbol is R and the unit of measurement is ohm (Ω).
Electrode / Rod electrode
The rod electrode is a coated metal rod that is used for electrode welding. It acts both as a conductor for the arc and the filler metal at the same time. A distinction is made between basic (B), rutile (R), and cellulose (Cel) coating types.Electrode types
Rod electrodes for welding are made in numerous materials and with different coatings. The most common are rutile (R), basic (B), and cellulose (Cel) covered electrodes.
Electrode holder
Secures the rod electrode during manual welding and allows the current to be transferred to the electrode.Electrode sliding during resistance spot welding
The contact pressure places an enormous amount of force on the electrodes. If electrodes do not hit each other vertically, this leads to electrode sliding as a result of the force effect (similar to pressing both index fingers together). The effect is then that no round welding spot is formed, but instead an undesirable weld nugget.
Electrode welding (SMAW, manual arc welding, rod electrode welding)
Electrode welding is the oldest variant of arc welding. The arc burns between the workpiece and a covered rod electrode, which, by melting during the process, simultaneously acts as the filler metal.EN ISO 1090
EN ISO 1090 is a European standard for structural steel and aluminum components, and affects all manufacturers, distributors, and suppliers. Since 07/01/2014, structural steel and aluminum constructions can only be brought onto the market in Europe if they comply with this series of standards and carry CE marking. Before CE marking, components were subject to self-monitoring by the manufacturer (factory production control), who then had to complete a declaration of performance for the guaranteed component properties.End-crater
At the end of the welding process, the welding power is reduced rapidly. The weld pool cools down from the edge to the center. The molten mass that is still liquid has no strength to speak of and is distributed between the solidification fronts.
Result: A so-called end-crater forms in the middle.
Practical tip: At the end of the welding process, reduce the welding current slowly, move the welding torch back and forth or in a circle until the end-crater is completely filled.
Crater shrink hole
The crater shrink hole is a hemispherical opening at the end of a weld seam. It occurs when the end-crater is not properly filled.Crater crack
Crater cracks occur when a crater is not filled before the welding arc goes out. This causes the outer edges of the crater to cool down faster than the crater. This creates stresses, which can result in longitudinal splits, or transverse or radial cracks.Degassing
Degassing refers to the escape of gases from liquid material during the welding process.Demagnetization
Every object through which a current flows builds up an electromagnetic field. Demagnetization is a process used to break down the electromagnetic field.F
Steeply drooping characteristics
When welding with rod electrodes and TIG, it is important to keep the welding current as constant as possible, even when the distance between the electrode and the workpiece changes. This is achieved by what are known as the drooping characteristics of the power source, whereby the amperage (ampere) does not change and the voltage (volt) rises/falls due to a change in distance.
Forming
Forming primarily refers to a method used in TIG welding to protect the part of the weld seam facing away from the tungsten electrode from oxidation/temper colors. When welding pipes, these are flushed internally with gas (see figure: forming gas cylinder). When welding sheets, the underside is flushed with gas.
Fronius Xplorer
This is Windows-based software for the process monitoring of the digital series TPS and MagicWave. Welding data documentation, visualization, archiving, and parameter setting on a PC.Joining / joining process
In production engineering according to DIN 8580, joining is the permanent connection of two or more materials. Some of the most important joining processes include welding, brazing, bonding, riveting, and screwing.
Gouging
In gouging, the metal is melted with a special carbon electrode. The liquid material is purged by a stream of compressed air. Joins can be produced, defective weld seams removed, weld backups cut off, or very thick pieces of metal cut through. A special electrode holder is needed here with an integrated compressed air supply (see figure).G
Welding rectifier
A welding rectifier converts alternating current (three-phase current) into direct current for welding. In general, older welding power sources with no power electronics are called welding rectifiers. (see figure)Gas pre-flow
The gas pre-flow is a way to obtain better shielding gas cover at the start of welding. A fixed period of time is defined here during which the gas solenoid valve should open before welding starts.
Smoothing choke
The smoothing choke slows down the current rise rate. For stepped welding systems, this is a coil with different choke draw-offs. The weld properties such as the ignition of the arc, handling of short-circuit incidents and faults are affected directly here.DC voltage
DC voltage is an electrical voltage where the polarity does not change.Direct current
Direct current (DC) is an electrical current where the amperage and polarity do not change.H
Manual welding
Manual welding is a manual joining process for producing inseparable metal joints.
Tacking
Tacking refers to the joining of the components prior to the actual welding process.
High frequency ignition (HF ignition)
In TIG welding, the arc is usually ignited touchlessly. Here a high-voltage source that is temporarily connected is used for ignition – this is referred to as high frequency ignition.
High-performance welding
The term high-performance welding is commonly used as of wire speeds of 15 meters per minute (with a wire diameter of 1.2 mm) or an 8 kg per hour deposition rate. If several wire electrodes are used, there is an increase in the deposition rate (see figure).I
Pulsed arc
When welding with pulsed arcs, there is a switch from base current to pulse current. The frequency and pulse time are specified here. This causes the pinch effect that allows a short-circuit-free droplet transfer across the entire power range.Inert gas
Inert gases are non-reactive noble gases. They are used in metal inert gas welding (MIG) and tungsten inert gas welding (WIG). Inert gases include argon, helium, and mixtures of these.
Inner control
For the inner control, constant-voltage characteristics or slightly drooping characteristics are used. The result is that when the welding amperage is changed, the voltage barely changes or does not change at all. Inner control improves process stability, even if the distance between the welding torch and the workpiece changes.Interval mode
In interval mode, both the arc time and pause time can be set.IP rating
The abbreviation IP stands for International Protection and is also called protection class. It defines the protection of electrical equipment against the penetration of foreign objects and water, and their impact resistance.J
JobMaster
The JobMaster welding torch with integrated digital display allows the welder to change and check the welding parameters on the handle of the welding torch.K
Cap-shaping/cap
A cap refers to the rounded/molten end of a tungsten electrode, required for aluminum welding with alternating current. Modern welding systems have the function of automatic cap-shaping.Cathode
The cathode is the negative pole in the welding circuit.
Fillet weld
The fillet weld is the most common weld seam and is usually found on the T-joint and lap joint.
Characteristic
The characteristic of a power source is a material and shielding gas dependent combination of current and voltage across the entire power range.Corrosion
Corrosion describes a reaction of a material with its environment, which causes a measurable change in the material and can impair the function of a component or system. In metals, chemical corrosion is particularly significant. The best-known type of chemical corrosion in metals is rust, that is, the oxidation of iron.Lines of force
Components that are mainly subject to dynamic loads need homogeneous weld seam transitions (line of force progressions) to avoid a notch effect.
Dip transfer arc
The dip transfer arc is a short-circuited arc with low power. It is suitable for ultra-light gage sheet, root pass, and position welding.Short circuit
If during MIG/MAG welding, the wire electrode or during SMAW, the rod electrode hits the surface of the material, this produces an electrical short circuit. This must be overcome at the start of welding and broken up during continuous welding by means of a short circuit treatment.L
Longitudinal seam welding
In longitudinal seam welding, components are joined together lengthwise.
LaserHybrid
LaserHybrid welding combines the laser and MIG welding process. Characteristic features are deep penetration, a high welding speed, and low heat input.Open circuit voltage
This is the voltage that is applied to the welding sockets prior to welding, for example from the ignition of the rod electrode.
Arc
The arc burns during welding between the electrode and workpiece. Due to its high plasma temperatures, it fuses the parent material and melts away the filler metal.Arc characteristic
The arc characteristic indicates the relationship between the arc voltage and the arc current.
Arc length
The arc length refers to the distance between the point where the arc touches the wire electrode until the point of reaching the workpiece. The voltage is a characteristic dimension for the arc length.Arc welding
In arc welding, an electric arc (welding arc) burns between the workpiece and electrode. Depending on the welding process, this can melt and act simultaneously as the filler metal or be non-consumable.
LSC
Low Spatter Control (LSC) is a spatter-reduced dip transfer arc with early detection of the short circuit breakup and a corresponding reaction.
LSC Advanced
The LSC Advanced process characterizes the accelerated drop in current that is facilitated by an electronic switch in the welding circuit. The result is improved weld properties with increased inductivity.M
MagicWave
The MagicWave is a fully digitized TIG series and can be used with both alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). The operator can adapt the waveforms to various conditions.
Grounding cable
The grounding cable is the current return cable in the welding circuit. It is secured to the component.
Grounding clamp
The grounding clamp is a quick-release mechanical connection between the workpiece and the current-return cable in the welding circuit.Mechanical properties
The mechanical properties of a parent material or a welded joint act as the basis in the static calculation for supporting structures. They are crucial for choosing the parent material and filler metals to be used. Mechanical properties are: hardness, tensile strength, impact energy, toughness, etc.MIG/MAG welding
Metal inert gas welding (MIG) and metal active gas welding (MAG) are variants of gas metal arc welding (MSG). Here an endless wire electrode melts under a shielding gas cover. MIG/MAG welding is characterized by a wide range of different uses and a high level of cost effectiveness.
GMAW overlay welding
Gas metal arc overlay welding is used for cladding. A wear protection layer is applied over the base body using the MIG welding process. A characteristic of this is low penetration, low fusion, and a low ferrite content in the first weld layer.Multiprocess welding systems
Multiprocess welding systems refer to welding power sources where the common welding processes, such as MIG/MAG, SMAW, and TIG, are available.Multivoltage power source
Multivoltage power sources can be connected to electrical grids with different voltage levels. Single-phase and three-phase multivoltage power sources are available.O
Orbital welding
Orbital welding is a mechanized welding process in which the arc is guided by machine and without interruption around pipes or other round objects.Oxide formation
Surface scaling is called oxide formation. This occurs especially during the manufacturing of steel or slightly in the case of poor shielding gas cover.Oxide film
Aluminum forms a protective layer that is called an oxide film. The oxide film has a destructive effect during welding and must be broken up. This is done during TIG welding with alternating current (AC). The melting point of the oxide film is approximately 2100°C, in contrast to aluminum that has a melting point of approximately 660°C depending on the alloy.P
PCS - Pulse Controlled Spray Arc
The PCS (Pulse-Controlled Spray Arc) characteristic is a modified pulsed arc that transfers to the higher power range in a short spray arc. Dynamic correction enables a pulse profile to be superimposed onto the spray arc. The result is a welding process with a high deposition rate, deep penetration, lower heat input, and low spattering.
Pinch effect
In welding technology, the term pinch effect refers to the detachment of the droplet at the wire end caused by the effect of the magnetic constriction due to high currents.
Plasma welding
In plasma welding, the welding or main arc burns between a tungsten electrode and the workpiece, just as in TIG welding. In addition, the constricted plasma gas acts as a process-determining factor. It is determined by the nozzle diameter, plasma gas quantity, and plasma flow. A distinction can be made between micro plasma, soft plasma, and plasma keyhole. In comparison with the TIG process, a higher welding speed, narrower weld seam appearance, and deeper penetration can be achieved.
PMC - Pulse Multi Control
All further developments in the pulsed arc are implemented at Fronius in the Pulse Multi Control (PMC) characteristic package. This currently includes additional control variables and stabilizers and different characteristics that make things easier for the user.Pore formation
Pore formation refers to the gas inclusions in the weld seam. Pore formation is a welding fault that is caused by contamination or insufficient shielding gas cover.
Process tape
The process tape of the DeltaSpot electrical resistance spot welding system is a continuous process tape that presents a key welding parameter thanks to its resistance while simultaneously protecting the electrode against pick-up and contamination. Each welding spot is welded under the same contact conditions.R
Cleaning effect
The cleaning effect in aluminum welding means the destruction of the aluminum oxide layer. This process is caused by the positive polarity of the tungsten electrode (during TIG welding).Cracks
Cracks are weld seam faults that occur under tensile stresses. The two main groups are cold and heat cracks.
Robotic welding
In robotic welding, an industrial robot guides the welding torch within a preprogrammed track.
Reversed polarity ignition (RPI)
A reversed polarity ignition is a polarity reversal of the tungsten electrode to the positive pole in the ignition phase, in order to achieve a more accurate and stable ignition.
Circumferential welding
In circumferential welding, two cylindrical components are fully joined together.S
Slag
Rod electrodes have a coating that melts away in the arc and partially vaporizes. It forms shielding gases and slag. The slag protects the weld metal from the atmosphere and rapid cooling speed, covers the weld seam, and must be removed after cooling. Certain flux core wires contain a welding powder that also forms a slag when it melts.Slag inclusions
Slag inclusions are weld seam faults caused by fixed inclusions made up of slag residues that were not washed to the surface. They affect the strength of the connection.Shielding gas
Shielding gas refers to a gas or gas mixture that is designed to suppress the air in the earth's atmosphere during welding. Shielding gases influence the penetration form, penetration, and welding speed and need a corresponding characteristic during MIG/MAG welding.Welding equipment
Welding equipment consists of different tools, such as a face guard, welding gloves, wire brushes, chipping hammers, electrodes, and grounding cables.
Welding sequence
The welding sequence refers to the sequence in which the weld seams of a structure are created.
Welding filler metals
The welding filler metals melt during the welding process and form the weld seam. The selection of welding filler metals is primarily dependent on the parent material and use of the component. The corresponding characteristic must be selected in a material-specific and diameter-dependent way in MIG/MAG welding.
S Mark
The S Mark is required to be able to use the welding system when there is an increased electrical risk.
Spray arc
The spray arc is a type of arc with short-circuit-free droplet transfer. It is characterized by high amperages and high deposition rates. This type of arc is used for thicker materials.Rod electrode / electrode
The rod electrode is a coated metal rod that is used for electrode welding. It acts both as a conductor for the arc and the filler metal at the same time. A distinction is made between basic (B), rutile (R), and cellulose (Cel) coating types.Types of radiation in the electric arc
The electric arc emits visible radiation, invisible infrared or heat radiation, and invisible ultraviolet radiation.
Power source
The function of a welding power source is to convert a high input voltage into a low welding voltage and high welding current. There are different types of models, whereby the controlled type inverters have mostly established themselves.Power source characteristic
The characteristic of a power source is a material and shielding gas dependent combination of current and voltage across the entire power range.
Butt joint
Butt joints are used to join workpieces positioned on the same plane, that is, at an angle of 180 degrees to one another.Synergic welding
Synergic operation is the single-button operation of a welding power source. Here, the welding current, welding voltage, and wirefeeder are linked together in a synergy. This function helps the user achieve a welding result very quickly and easily.T
TAC
During tacking with TAC, a TIG pulsed arc causes the liquid weld pool to begin moving. This leads to accelerated merging of the elements and therefore to a shorter tacking process.
Tandem welding
In tandem welding, two completely isolated wire electrodes are melted in a welding torch and a common weld pool. The process allows a particularly high deposition rate, which can be converted to welding speed or volume filling. This welding process is known at Fronius under the brand name TWIN.Thermal joining processes
Thermal joining processes refer to the connecting of materials by introducing heat and/or using force. They include press welding and fusion welding.
Time Twin
With Time Twin, two digital power sources that can be controlled separately work in a single gas nozzle and in a common weld pool. Both wire electrodes are completely isolated. This shortens cycle times and increases weld quality and cost effectiveness in high-performance welding.
TPS/i
The devices are fully digitized, microprocessor-controlled inverter power sources. A universal controller controls the entire welding process. The actual data is measured continuously and the device responds immediately to any changes. Special rule algorithms ensure that the desired target state is maintained. The software system is the decisive factor for the weld properties of the power sources, not a rigid hardware system that can barely be changed. This results in high accuracy in the welding process, exact reproducibility of the welding results, and excellent operating characteristics.U
Intermediate arc
The intermediate arc is characterized by a coarse droplet, short-circuited droplet transfer. The advantages include positional freedom and relatively deep penetration. In contrast, however, is the increased spattering.Ultraviolet radiation
Ultraviolet radiation is an electromagnetic radiation with wave lengths that are shorter than visible light and that are invisible to a person. When welding, UV radiation is generated by the arc plasma – the greater the amperage, the longer the arc and therefore the stronger the radiation.V
Preheating
With preheating, the components are heated up and then kept at a specific temperature in order to influence the cooling speed during welding.W
Heat input
Heat input refers to the energy that is introduced into the component during welding. The heat input is calculated based on the electrical energy input per weld, reduced by the total efficiency. The unit of measurement is kilojoules per centimeter (kJ/cm).Thermal conductivity
Thermal conductivity is a material value that describes how well a material conducts heat. Materials with high thermal conductivity are difficult to weld and need a special welding start treatment (e.g., aluminum) or require a high preheating temperature (e.g., copper).Alternating current
With alternating current (AC), amplitude and polarity change cyclically. Welding power sources are operated on a single or three-phase alternating current grid and usually supply direct current for welding. When TIG welding aluminum, an alternating current is also needed on the secondary side to break up the oxide film.
WeldConnect
WeldConnect is a platform for smartphones with integrated applications (apps) for the exchange of data. This is realized with the TPS/i series and to find parameters for MIG/MAG and TIG processes.
WeldCube
WeldCube is a piece of software used by welding companies to monitor production. This browser-based application allows all relevant data to be evaluated and analyzed on all digital terminals (responsive design).
Welducation Basic
The Welducation Basic app includes a quiz and a game that conveys theoretical principles. It provides virtual training in practical skills at the same time.
Resistance spot welding
The principle of resistance spot welding is based on current, resistance, and time. When maximum resistance is applied, the material fuses. Due to the high contact pressure, exerted by the effect of the electrode force, the components are welded together at their points of contact.
TIG overlay welding
Tungsten inert gas overlay welding is universally applicable and is ideal for surfacing high-alloy metals and steels. The welding process provides high-quality surfaces that are clean and exact, with little spatter.TIG touchless ignition (HF ignition)
In TIG welding, the arc can be ignited touchlessly. Here a high-voltage source is used that is temporarily connected with high frequency and low power.
TIG contact ignition
With conventional TIG contact ignition, the tungsten electrode is lifted off the workpiece. The preset welding start sequence then takes place.
TIG welding
Tungsten inert gas welding is a shielding gas welding process. Here the arc burns between a non-consumable tungsten electrode and the workpiece.Efficiency
The efficiency describes the relationship between the power input and power output. Examples include the electrical efficiency of a welding system or the thermal efficiency of the arc.Tungsten inclusions
If the tungsten electrode touches the weld pool during TIG welding, particles of the electrode can get into the molten mass and cause welding faults or tungsten inclusions.Tungsten electrode
The tungsten electrode is a non-consumable electrode for TIG welding.Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)
For certification purposes, welding procedure specifications (WPS) for sample applications are a key prerequisite.
Root pass
The root pass refers to the first bead that is introduced into the join during multirun welding. Fronius offers special characteristics with the ROOT characteristic for this purpose.